People and Organizations-MN7181

Importance of Trade union

A trade union is an organization created by the employees of a particular Organization. Trade union membership must be made up mainly of workers.The prime aim of an trade union is to protect and advance the interests of its members in the workplace.

Most trade unions are independent of any employer. However, trade unions try to develop close working relationships with employers. This can sometimes take the form of a partnership agreement between the employer and the trade union which identifies their common interests and objectives (Wright, 2011).

The existence of a strong and recognized trade union is a good to industrial peace. Decisions taken through collective bargaining and negotiations between employer and unions are more influential and effective. Trade unions play an important role and are helpful in effective communication between the workers and the management and act as a intermediary. They provide the advice and support to the management on behalf of employees. Actually trade union is to represent people at work. But they also have a wider role in protecting their interests. They also play an important role for their members on lot of matters (Baccaro, 2008).

Trade Unions are important to workers for the following reasons

• Collective bargaining. Industries. Trade Unions negotiate with employers for better terms and conditions of employment and for healthy workplace standards.
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• Trade Unions strengthen workers’ demand for better labor and industrial legislation. The ability of unions to represent workers and their families stand as an asset, for which political parties try to woo them by offering better deals in terms of pro labor legislation. Better medical facilities, welfare schemes, annual leave, insurance and other benefits are the results.
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• Trade unions can ensure more job security for its members.
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• Factories with union activity are safer when it comes to chance for industrial accidents. Unions pressurize employers to ensure better safety standards and use their influence with law enforcement agencies to assure better safety measures at workplace.
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• Trade unions protect workers against physical and mental torture and exploitation of superiors at workplace.
• Workers’ individual rights and liberties are better protected by trade unions.
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• Trade unions can negotiate with management for mutual give and take in matters of increased productivity. When there is higher demand of production trade unions can negotiate better remuneration, so that both workers and managements benefited(Quain, n.d.).

Some important social responsibilities of trade unions include:

promoting and maintaining national integration by reducing the number of industrial disputes

incorporating a sense of corporate social responsibility in workers and achieving industrial peace

Participation of workers and trade unions in the promotion of sustainable development is important. As the representatives of working people, trade unions are important partners in facilitating the achievement of sustainable development in any economy. Information, education and training on sustainability at all levels, including in the workplace, are key to strengthening the capacity of workers and trade unions to support sustainable development (Andreas & Wigger, n.d.)

Reference

Andreas, I. & Wigger, B., n.d.

Baccaro, L., 2008. Labour, Globalization and Inequality: Are Trade Unions Still Redistributive?.

Quain, S., n.d. The Role of Trade Unions in Industrial Relations. 2019.

Wright, C.F., 2011. What role for trade unions in future workplace relations?.

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People and Organizations-MN7181

Employee Rewards System and advantages 

Human resource is the most important resource in any Organization. So these resource should be well rewarded in a systematic way. So that reward system need to address these following area. compensation, benefits, recognition and appreciation. .

Every company needs a strategic reward system for employees that addresses these four areas: compensation, benefits, recognition and appreciation. Most of the reward system in many businesses are not including better recognition and appreciation. On the other hand employees should be rewarded on their performance and behaviors

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Employees expect appreciation at work, specially if that appreciation comes through recognition scheme where their effort identified and work is valued. That appreciation goes a long way and will not only make your employees feel good, but will actually benefit your business in the process. Here’s how:

Employee Retention

This rewards system should be systematically mapped and employees should be seen the entire career path . Employee can see the point an places where bonuses, pay raises, increased vacation or paid sick time and increased benefits occur during the individual's career. Such a plan or system provides immediate incentive and appetite for employee retention by picturing long term projections and goals. This type of transparency also helps to build a healthy everlasting working relationship with the company.

Employee Performance

Reward system provide direct push to employee performance. Employees are informed transparently that they will be given the articular rewards once the reach that certain destination. .These programs also include aspects such as professional development, training and performance management that allow employees to develop new and special skills through education and training. Thereby developing employees may come with new skills and increase their performance.

Productivity

It’s well-known that engaged staff are significantly more productive, working efficiently and proactively in order to do a good job.  If efforts are likely to be praised and rewarded, then it makes sense that a member of staff will work harder to receive such employee recognition.

Controllable Expenses

A systematic reward system may provide the specific cost amount that can be incurred to the employees in given time period. Where there will be no sudden expenditure and company can make a provision of funds in the beginning. Since it is budgeted management do not need to bare extra burden. On the other hand salary increments , additional bonus can be allocated without extra effort..

Program Administration

Since rewards are managed centrally every employee get equal chances in transparent manner. So that there want be any conflicts in all employee-related concerns, including benefits, pay and training. On the other hand it can be monitored and oversee simultaneously (Gish, 2019).            

Team culture

Keeping a reward system may increase the team spite and loyalty towards the Organization. As they encourage staff to see the positive attributes in one another. Teams are encourage to perform, as they work alongside each other every day. Plus, allowing colleagues to nominate one another for rewards is empowering and no one can point the figure to one another hence there are predetermined standard set foe it. So the employee who reach to the standard may undertake the recognition (Kelly, 2019).

CONCLUSION

Whether it is a Organization, School,Business ,Institution or home ,there should be a recognition. It is natural process that human performance performance is based on motivation and motivation can be concerned in reward on this increased with rewards.as better performance is compared to absent of reward. It is not enough to have a reward but a systematic one. Hence while motivating the employees a systematic reward system reduce conflicts. Employees are directed to a formal career path and standards are predetermined. So that any employee can reached them and win the rewards in a transparent manner (Ibrar & Khan, 2015).

References

Gish, W., 2019. The Advantages of Having a Total Reward in Organizations.

Ibrar, M. & Khan, O., 2015. The Impact of Reward on Employee Performance.

Kelly, D., 2019. Benefits of employee rewards and recognition.

People and Organizations-MN7181

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in United States of America

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become one of the standard business practices in the business world. Companies who involve CSR enhance overall reputation. Maintaining policies and procedure is critical part in company competitiveness where social, environmental, ethical, human rights and consumer concerns into business operations and close collaboration with stakeholders.Apart of profit making it is important to achieve positive impact on society including its employees, shareholders and stakeholders. Studies shown that Organizations that had a genuine commitment to CSR substantially outperformed those that did not,Additionally, the study showed that CSR orientated companies had a higher level of employee engagement and provided better standard of customer service(Tennant, 2015).

United States of America has prioritized Corporate sustainability and Corporate social responsibility (CSR). Recent studies have shown a significant involvement as well as an impact of CSR on the success and sustainability of any organization.The American companies implementing the CSR and improving their abilities to attract and keep more and more customers and stakeholders with them.At the same time companies are benefited by wast management,reduced risks, increased green production , becoming Eco friendly and concerning the health of their customer (Giannarakis et al., 2016).

A number of studies have shown that the young, women, and minorities are more concerned and pay more attention on the environment and the social advantages and impact of the products or services they are paying for and same scenarios with employees. So these people are more concern legal and ethical about what the companies are doing, for the society and the environment. Even there several cases that employees complains against the companies that they work for on these issues.

Impact of CSR on Young Americans

Young Americans are more curious and having more aware of the term sustainability.They always keep a check of what is the impact of their steps on the Ecosystem on the whole.At the same time, women and teenagers are found to be more concerned about the planet and its protection . They are more inserted and respect recycling and  making an ecofriendly purchase and living an eco friendly life. At the same time they believe that companies play major role in their life’s and the weight that companies put on CSR programs has direct impact on customer buying decisions.It was also found that the customers are more tend to buy from the brand that belongs to a company which is more concerned about the eco-system and social causes.

Business benefits of corporate social responsibility

 

CSR is about an organization taking responsibility for the impacts of its decisions and activities on all aspects of society, the community and the environment.

CSR is beyond donating money or printing double sided to save trees.It is all about contribution made to the society on health ans well being. Incurring small cost would provide huge out come benefits to the organization. Such as,

²  The ability to have positive impact in the community

²  It supports public value outcomes

²  It supports being an employer of choice

²  It encourages both professional and personal development

²  It enhances relationships with clients (Muir, 2015)

Impacts of CSR in USA

The corporate social responsibility also has an impact on the internal environment of any corporate system. Company attitudes towards the Corporate social responsibility (CSR) in USA effect the talent attraction and Recruitment  directly. Studies have shown clearly that young people in USA tend to work with Eco friendly institutes and eco friendly environment. So it can be identified as a new trend that American people are more concern on CSR. Overall the sustainability and CSR programs are on the rise among American companies. Leading corporate entities like Novo Nordisk, Unilever, and Nike have redefined the terms sustainability and success. Americans believe that the entities must impediment CSR and sustainability programs to gain a long term success.

 References

Giannarakis, G., Konteos, G., Zafeiriou, E. & Partalidou, X., 2016. The impact of corporate social responsibility on financial performanceInvestment Management and Financial Innovations. 3rd ed.

Muir, S., 2015. benefits of Corporate Social Responsibility.

Tennant, F., 2015. The importance of corporate social responsibility. Financier Worldwide Magazine.

People and Organizations-MN7181

Advantages of planning related to management

Planning means looking ahead and chalking out future courses of action to be followed. Actually it can be identified as a step of preparation towards the future. Future tasks are identified and specify and determines when, how and who is going to perform .Planning is a detailed programmed regarding future courses of action(Juneja, 2015).

           

Planning is essential and important to the success of any business. When there is a good plan, leaders have a guideline and they can focus on achievements. When everyone works for a given plan organization can increase its effectiveness and efficiency. Workers are better able to recognize ways to work to achieve goals, as well as behaviors to avoid that could prevent the company from reaching its objectives (Woods, 2019).
Further following advantages can be identified on importance of planning.

Attention on objectives: Because of the planning Leaders on an Organization can clearly define it’s goals and concentrate on the achievement of these goals. On the other hand leaders can  prioritize the organizational goals. Therefore, the objectives of the organization that are more important and can to be achieved in reasonable time.

Better utilization of resources: Managing resources are challenging and very significant. Since every Organization has very limited resources. Therefore in planning resources can be identified in the beginning operations can be continued on the basis of the resources.  In this way, with the help of planning, the leaders are able to use all the resources of the organization in the best possible way.

Minimizing uncertainties: planning is always related the future. Although no one can not assume that what can happened in the future.  There can be Lot of changes keep on taking place in the business environment. Therefore, with the help of planning, the managers try to predict what is going to happen in future and then make plans to achieve the organizational goals. In case of this way, planning helps in reducing the uncertainties of the future as the decisions are based on the past experiences and also the situation that is being faced by the organization at present.

Economy in operations: As mentioned above there are limited resources with the Organization. Leaders need to consider the opportunity cost, On the other hand they need to priorities the objectives .So they need to make a choice. In this way the operations that are selected for this purpose are the better alternative out of all the alternatives that are available and this result in an economy in operations. It also allows avoiding the method of trial and error and at the same time, the resources of the organization are not wasted while making choices

Encourages innovation and creativity: There can be instances that unexpected things can be happened. It can be good and bad. So Leaders must be creative and innovative of predicting the future. So better you plan better you can face the future. A better system of planning is the  is capable of encouraging the managers to come up with new ways of doing things. it should encourage creative thinking and innovation among the leaders, because they assume and predict while involved in the process of planning. In this regards open atmosphere should be created and team can come up with new ideas, then leader could make better planning.

Better coordination: As mentioned earlier Organization has very limited resources. So the leaders should have a bird view and need to avoid duplication of efforts. Since at the journey of traveling to a common goal such wastage should be eliminated. At the same time it promote the team building. In this way planning results in better coordination and ultimately results in the achievement of better results.

Creating Competitive Advantages

Planning helps organizations get a realistic view of their current strengths and weaknesses relative to major competitors. The leaders could identify and observe the areas where competitors are strong and they can prepare strategies to take advantage of these weaknesses. On the other hand new opportunities can be identified.

Facilitates delegation: Planning help leaders create delegation and empowerment. Sufficient amount of power can reduce frequent inquiries. So it reduces the time and help the smooth functioning and quickening of achieving the objectives.

Allows management by exception: Sometimes things go bad. Unexpected things happens and They happened to come up with new strategies, for that Organization need extra time and cost. Planning helps to prepare such situations where Organization can make provisioning on such situation. So that Organization can face any situation.

Conclusion

The empirical survey's results show that better‐performing companies are characterized by a more sophisticated analytical planning process. Lower‐performing firms acknowledge this competitive advantage (Klatt et al., 2011) Planning helps an organization to achievement of its goals. The process begins with reviewing the current operations of the organization and identifying what needs to be improved operationally in the upcoming year. From there, planning involves predetermines the results the organization wants to achieve, and determining the steps necessary to arrive at the intended destination, whether that is measured in financially or non financially.

References

Juneja, P., 2015. Advantages of Planning. Management Study Guide.

Klatt, T., Schlaefke, M. & Moeller, K., 2011. Integrating business analytics into strategic planning for better performance. Journal of Business Strategy.

Woods, L., 2019. Why Is Planning Important?.

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People and Organizations-MN7181

Managing healthcare sector

 Health services consist of medical professionals, organizations, and ancillary health care workers who provide medical care to public. They cover emergency, preventative, rehabilitative, long term, hospital, diagnostic, primary, palliative, and home care. These services are centered around making health care accessible, high quality, and patient centered. Health care cannot be limited where it is many different types of care and providers are necessary in order to offer successful health services (Alexandra, 2018).Over the past decade, health care has become a most important social and economic issues . While the earlier part of the decade focused principally on the payment and legal changes and the latter half has been more about how the private sector has responded and shifted to find solutions for new challenges. (DeVore, 2019)

As mentioned healthcare industry is growing and becoming better and challenging every passing day. New systems and technologies are being invented appalling every day to provide good service and to quench the huge demand for medicine and treatments (Adley, 2019). Hence There are several positions evoked in this sector, so leadership skills are much more important owing to smooth functioning of the industry. Good education and well experience will make a good leader in health care sector. Following skills can be identified as it will help to be successful health care administrator.

Leading by Example

By exemplifying the qualities and traits that can create a positive work environment and help an organization meet its goals. It is the best way of train the team so that a healthcare administrator can encourage employees to follow suit. Such qualities as honesty, ethics, showing and giving respect, being confident, and having sincerity while making fair decisions based on the situations and to the good sake of the Organization and team. Whatever the organization or position, is on positive implementation of practices that lead to the best possible care of patients. When there are issues and if leader handle with choices, mutual respect, and with confidents employees are likely to follow and believe the administrator.

 Knowledge

Health care sector consists with very complex process and leader should have a overall knowledge on that. So understanding of the healthcare system overall as well as the specific functions and operations of individual organizations is another leadership skill that healthcare administrators must have. To manage financial proceeds , manage conflicts and smooth functioning of system and finally  deliver outstanding care healthcare administrative need fair knowledge . While achieving organizational goals and inspiring team will make a successful leader in health care 

Meeting Organizational Goals, Objectives, and Missions

A successful healthcare administrator needs to create working culture a common vision among the team. He should encourage the team to reach the same. A top leadership quality , communication play a vital role in this sector where miscommunication could lead losing a life .

Negotiation, facilitation, and delegation are also high priorities in this category of skill sets. These skills are very importance when working directly with employees because they offer the opportunity for healthcare administrators or managers to make necessary changes in policy or operations to best meet the organization's mission.

 Leadership Styles

Healthcare industry is very complex and changing sector. Administrator can not use same style and technique. servant, situational, and transformational. Situations and employee relationships might require a different approach in order to most successfully complete a task, make a decision, implement a change, or perform another aspect of management of staff and operations. So leader should be using various kind  Of styles according to the situation.

It is very important that health care providers should be support as much as possible because most of them sacrifice and dedicate their lives to comfort the patients. With this new technology and new trends have save time and provide opportunity to serve better to the patients. So it is oblivious that a Health care leader should posses lot of leadership qualities and he should develop him self and climb the ladder.

References

Alexandra, A., 2018. Health Services: Definition, Types & Providers. Health Services Policy.

DeVore, S., 2019. Health Care In 2019: Five Key Trends To Watch. Project HOPE.

Adley, L., 2019. Healthcare Industry Trends for 2019.

People and Organizations-MN7181

GENDER AND PERFORMANCES

Gender and Sex can be distinguish and separately identified. Sex refers to the basic, biologically given physiological differences between males and females. Gender refers to a culture's social construction of differences between the sexes. Males and females are to displayed different , roles, behaviors, attitudes, and aptitudes. From the inception gender precluded most females from becoming leaders in such organizations; as a result, the assumption that males were better suited than females for leadership roles. But in recent past women leaders have shown their talents n several areas. Such as Women elected as a prime ministers in in Britain, Canada, India, Pakistan, the Philippines, Norway, Sri Lanka, etc. and managerial positions in large well known organizations and Sometimes surpassed men’s in education side. Owing to success  in organizations and management it argued that differences between women's and men's ability to carry out responsible jobs are minimal, once women attain the appropriate job qualifications. Women, thus, deserved equal opportunities in early childhood as well as higher education, and equal access to all types of job training and development. Women would then be able to compete with men for leadership positions and other jobs. At the same time the idea that females possess a natural leadership advantage over males gained popularity in both academic and management circles, some scholars voiced a more critical view. They maintained that the idea of extracting the value of feminine skills and qualities in the global marketplace was exploitative(McCullough, 2016).

WHY SO FEW WOMEN LEADERS?

 

Situation has slowly improved recently for women, throughout human history women have not been crown as leaders. There are several reasons for this where the path h been resisted by there childhood by their early childhood socialization in the nuclear family. For girls, this includes submissiveness, passivity, avoidance of aggression and competition, Even when both students coming through same  educational system. Despite of Socialization following resistance can be seen.

 (a) discrimination against them in personnel decisions involving promotion, selection,  and supervision.

(b) A dearth of women and men willing to mentor women.

(c) Management development opportunities that are based on job rotation: geographic mobility can create difficulties for a woman's children and destroy her spouse's career.

(d) Coincidence of the biological clock and some professions' "up or out" policies, such as professors' tenure clock and lawyers' partner clock.

 (e)The perception of women as "outsiders" because of their physical differences, stereotyping, and exclusion from some social clubs and activities where important networks are built and maintained.

 women most frequently inhabit managerial positions with little power other than men, It is very rare that their positions are appreciated or it is used as a symbol of the organization's enlightenment. Outside their paid jobs, women usually have significant role in her families and home, So that they might need extra energy to pursue their role as a leader(Fondas, 2018).

DO MALE AND FEMALE MANAGERS  BEHAVE DIFFERENTLY?

Actually there are studies that identified differences in leadership styles and managerial behaviors. Studies have examined male and female differences in three main types of managerial behavior. The first is task accomplishment style, which is how much the leader initiates, organizes, and defines work activities and processes. The second is interpersonal style, which is how much the leader builds morale, relationships, satisfaction, and commitment in the organization. The third is decision-making style, which is how much the leader encourages a participative, democratic approach as opposed to an autocratic approach. Some studies find differences between males' and females' task accomplishment styles and interpersonal styles. Males tended to be more task oriented and females tended to be more relationship oriented. Some difference has been found in male and female decision making styles. Women tend to employ a more democratic, participative style while men tend to take a more autocratic and directive approach. These types of differences appeared in theoretical studies, but in practical scenarios , it end up with no differences . Where Women do not behave differently from men when come to leadership. If there are differences , it disappear with the experience(Othman & Hasan, 2012).

When it comes to the Mangement , it is not about the talent and the capacity ,it is about the equal opportunities that the society provides to females . That means when you open the opportunities to the society, their will be same qualified candidates/applicants awaiting to take the it, but when you come to the practical application the position includes 12 hours a day, meetings , social events in weekends or some extra tasks depending on the situations. So majority of women can not affords it with their family responsibilities. This is why women find difficult in climbing the ladder. Therefore in is not about the talent or capacity , it is about the responsibilities that society has given to her. Despite of these resistances , history proven that women have manage better than any one.

References

Fondas, N., 2018. GENDER AND LEADERSHIP.

Othman, A. & Hasan, A., 2012. When it comes to leadership, does gender matter? Kuwait Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review.

McCullough, C., 2016. Does Leadership Have a Gender?.

People and Organizations-MN7181

Delegation and Empowerment

Delegation and empowerment are important two skills needed to be a successful leader. A effective leader can deliver huge outcome without becoming overload.This is critical to maintaining organizational effectiveness, developing the team skills and obtain fruitful outcome by reducing stress of individually and as a team. In order to get the maximum outcome responsibilities should be distributed effectively considering the abilities, skills and the capacity. At the same time leader should maintain some level of control over the process. Monitoring and periodical reviewing should be done systematically(Krakel, 2018).

Even though the both used for the same purpose of employee management, Significant differences can be identified. If you need to get the maximum out come Both techniques should be used effectively, however they are most effective when used specifically for a particular situation and also depend on attitude of manger and the employee. Main difference is that empowerment raises leaders, and delegation raises followers. no matter what approach deployed , the control should be with manager. The manager role is still remains as assigning tasks and choosing who to assign them to.

If we describe the technique ,when employees are Delegated to fulfill a task , Manager will expect to do it according to his standard. Actually employee will be provided with a deadline and time limit will be set and same authority or another supervisor may monitor the progress as well as guided.

On the other hand if Empowerment does employee will be provided with a wider range of information and the individual will be left to their own to furnish the task along taking ownership and the responsibility of the work(Venton, 1997).

So some level of power and authority is granted in empowerment.However if  empowerment to be successful , employees should be given required information. These components are crucial in order to give them true freedom provide fruitful result. Even though manager are reluctant to adhere to Empowerment since it includes more than assigning task but transferring some power . At the same time some managers prefer to delegate their significance as they feel like empowering their team is important and it is essential to  lose their power and significance to their role to gain more outcome.empowerment is more beneficial and productive in the long run .All though it seems like time consuming in the beginning, An empowered team is more energetic and enthusiastic and work efficiently and prefer to to go the extra mile as they take it personally. As an example front liners can solve and provide some solutions to the customers with in their given authority while saving customers and Organizational time and cost. It would be more efficient that the Empowerment delegated to the most suitable individual. It prove benefits to the Organization and become a motivational factor to the Employee(Burch, 2018).

Delegation and empowerment should be used as a primary tool when leading your teams. It is a powerful way of diversifying a person’s role, whilst keeping them fresh and motivated. It can also act as a way of developing your team’s skill and abilities.

Reference

Krakel,K. 2018. Empowerment and the Dark Side of Delegation. University of Bonn and IZA.

Venton, P., 1997. GENERAL THEORY OF DELEGATION, ACCOUNTABILITY AND EMPOWERMENT., Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation., Vol. 12.

Burch, J,. 2018. Differences Between Empowerment & legation.